The following requirements document was prepared by the
CDMA Development Group and has been approved by the CDG Board and Council.
See the CDG for a listing of Board and Council members.
1 Purpose
This Standards Requirements Document (SRD) outlines the
key Operator requirements for the evolution of the CDMA2000 1x (IMT-2000
MC 1x) standard. This SRD will refer to this evolution as 1xEV. These
requirements are defined to drive improvements to the fundamental packet
data capabilities and efficiencies of CDMA2000 1x systems to better meet
the rapidly evolving needs of subscribers. This document is intended to
enable Wireless Operators an evolution beyond CDMA2000 1x, providing for
increased spectral efficiency and capability to cost effectively satisfy
customer demand for wireless Internet applications. This document will
facilitate a timely consideration by the CDG of possible solutions for
enabling capabilities beyond CDMA2000 1x systems.
2 Scope
The scope of this document is the air interface. While
it is critical to consider the evolution of the core network in defining
the evolution of CDMA, specific requirements are defined only for the
radio access portion of the network.
3 Background
3.1 Service Drivers for 1xEV
There are a number of drivers behind the evolution of
CDMA2000 1x
- In the evolution timeline for CDMA2000 1x, high-speed
data capability to support existing and future Internet based services
will become critically important.
- The data traffic will involve a significant amount
of bursty data characteristic of Internet access traffic.
- Spectrum will continue to be a scarce resource, making
1.25 MHz systems significantly more attractive compared to 5 MHz systems,
so long as comparable performance can be achieved. Operators and subscribers
will benefit from these systems via: - High
speed and higher capacity Packet Data transport system
- Higher Spectral efficiency for Packet Data
- Voice with higher spectral efficiency
- The scalability and flexibility of CDMA2000 1x systems
are much better than 5 MHz systems for migrating existing 2G systems
- CDMA2000 1x systems minimize impact on cell-site
equipment and handheld devices in evolving to support high-speed packet
data services
3.2 Evolution Framework
Although the purpose of this document is to provide
requirements for the evolution of the CDMA2000 1X standard, there are
several important considerations for successfully defining the evolution
of CDMA2000 1x:
- In order to accurately define how CDMA2000 1x should
evolve, it is necessary to fully characterize CDMA2000 1x systems
- Although this characterization should focus on requirements,
there are some areas where it is important to consider potential technology
solutions in order to determine the feasibility of required improvement
- The future network will increasingly be driven towards
multi-vendor and interoperable standards. In order for multi-vendor
systems to co-exist, operators must have the ability to objectively
evaluate different solutions
4 Phases
4.1 1xEV Phase Definitions
In order to meet CDMA2000 Operator schedule requirements
for deploying high-speed packet data services in a 1.25 MHz carrier,
1xEV will be defined in two phases. The CDG is outlining a phased approach
because Operators believe that the industry can deliver an optimized
packet air interface without real-time (e.g., voice) services on an
accelerated schedule compared to an air interface which delivers both
real-time and high-speed packet data services on the same carrier. For
the purpose of this document, real-time services shall be defined as
services with delay no greater than that of current voice services.
The intent is not to specify a solution or implementation, but rather
to enable the most rapid and efficient rollout of optimized, high-speed
packet data services.
It is important to understand that neither Phase 1 or
Phase 2 outlined below is an end-state. Phase 1 must evolve to Phase
2, and Phase 2 is not the end of the evolution of the CDMA2000 standard.
Furthermore, Section 5.3 outlines specific requirements for Phase 1
and Phase 2. The industry is encouraged to exceed these requirements,
and the evaluation of possible solutions to the requirements in this
SRD will consider the extent to which these solutions meet and exceed
these requirements.
4.1.1 Phase 1: System Optimized for Non-Real
Time, High-Speed Packet Data Services
The high-speed packet data service operates on one
carrier. If the subscriber invokes voice or another real-time service,
the 1xEV systems shall use CDMA2000 1x to implement the service.
The objective is to make this operation transparent to the user.
4.1.2 Phase 2: System to Concurrently Support
High-Speed Packet Data and Real-Time Service
In an integrated approach, the objective is to integrate
phase one capabilities on the same carrier, while retaining the
ability to maintain packet data services on a separate carrier.
4.2 Schedule
In consideration of the typical lead times in standards
development and product design, implementation, and testing, the Phase
1 standard shall be approved for publication no later than October 2000
so as to enable trials in January 2001. Phase 2 should be made available
as soon as practical following Phase 1. It is desired that the Phase
2 standard be completed (approved for publication) by October 2001 so
as to enable trials in January 2002. The industry is encouraged to conduct
tests early to facilitate development of the standards.
5 Requirements
5.1 Core Network
The 1xEV air interface should be designed to take advantage
of standard Next Generation Network (NGN) architectures currently being
defined in standards bodies and industry groups, including globally
harmonized IP core network. In addition, the 1xEV standard shall be
able to operate on the ANSI-41 core network standard and the GSM MAP
core network standard. In the event both of these requirements cannot
be met while keeping to the schedule, interoperability with ANSI-41
shall take priority.
5.2 Information Data Rates and Capacity
1xEV is envisioned to be a high speed/capacity air interface
to be used for cost-effective IP connectivity. The 1xEV standard shall
enable a range of information data rates suitable for high speed-packet
data applications as specified in the following table.
Table 1 - Information Data Rate and Capacity
Requirements
| |
Phase 1
|
Phase 2
|
|
Forward
|
Reverse
|
Forward
|
Reverse
|
|
Voice Capacity
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
TBD
|
TBD
|
|
Outdoor Peak Data Rate1
|
1.25 Mbps
|
300 kbps
|
1.25 Mbps
|
1.25 Mbps
|
|
Outdoor Average Data Rate2
|
600 kbps
|
144 kbps
|
600 kbps
|
600 kbps
|
|
Indoor Data Rate3
|
2 Mbps
|
300 kbps
|
2 Mbps
|
2 Mbps
|
|
Fixed Indoor Data Rate
|
TBD
|
TBD
|
TBD
|
TBD
|
1. "Outdoor Peak Data Rate" is defined as the maximum
instantaneous information data rate available to any given user
in a high-speed handoff mobile application.
2. "Outdoor Average Data Rate" is defined as the
system-wide average information data rate available per sector in
a fully-loaded system with all users moving at vehicular speed.
3. "Indoor Data Rate" is defined as the information
data rate available to any given indoor user moving at pedestrian
speed.
The 1xEV standard shall be written such that system
throughputs can be maximized to allow the largest possible number
of users to run voice (Phase 2) and/or high-speed packet data applications.
It is desired that these improvements be transferrable to IMT-2000
MC 3X in the future.
3rd Generation (IMT-2000) air interfaces provide
significant improvements to average system spectrum efficiency.
CDMA2000 will double the voice capacity (bps/Hz) over IS-95 and
will increase packet data rates by four to six times. 1xEV shall
meet or exceed the CDMA2000 standard for capacity as indicated in
the above table.
5.3 Fundamental Requirements
5.3.1 Phase 1: The Phase 1 standard shall enable,
as a minimum:
5.3.1.1 High-speed, non-real-time, packet data
capability
5.3.1.2 Interoperability (including handoff) with
CDMA2000 1x channels for packet services
5.3.1.3 Improved signalling and packet data throughput
5.3.1.4 Deployment in all existing and planned
frequency bands where cellular and PCS sytems are/will be deployed
5.3.1.5 Asymmetric data rates to serve majority
of Internet applications; up to a 10/1 forward to reverse link ratio (subject
to the peak and average rates identified in Table 1)
5.3.1.6 Capability of Sixteen Class of Services
(COS) for packet data which can be used to achieve the best system performance
and maximize the data throughput. Proposed classes include: - Class 1:
Real-Time Services and High-Speed Packet Data (Phase 2 only) - Class 2:
Non-Real-Time High-Speed Packet - Class 3: Scheduled Delivery (Phase 2
only) - Classes 4-16: Reserved for Future COS (Phase 2 only)
5.3.1.7 Fast connection time compared to existing
IS-95 standards
5.3.1.8 An "always - on" user experience for data
services (i.e., no need to go through dial-in and log-on process)
5.3.1.9 Use of existing IS-95 A/B and CDMA2000
antennas as well as addition of active, smart and directional antennas
for specific applications
5.3.1.10 Simple user device activation using
Over-The Air Activation
5.3.1.11 A graceful evolution from IS-95 A/B
and CDMA2000 that minimizes impact to terminals and infrastructure to
achieve the most economical evolution
5.3.1.12 A graceful evolution to Phase 2 that
minimizes impact to terminals and infrastructure
5.3.2 Phase 2: In addition to the Phase 1 capabilities
listed in 5.3.1, the Phase 2 standard shall enable, as a minimum:
5.3.2.1 Three modes of traffic delivery: 1) Real-time,
2) Non-real-time, 3) Mixed real-time/non-real-time
5.3.2.2 Interoperability with cdma-2000 1x channels
for packet and voice services
5.3.2.3 Mixed real-time and non-real-time traffic
on the same carrier
5.3.2.4 Network support for multiple, concurrent
packet sessions
5.3.2.5 Voice and packet Service Options, and
capability to add future, globally harmonized audio and video codecs
5.3.2.6 Classes of Service 1-16 for voice and
packet services (per 5.3.1.6)
5.3.2.7 Consistently "Excellent" (MOS >= 4.0)
voice call quality when in the highest quality mode, particularly as compared
to IS-733 and all twelve SMV test conditions
5.3.2.8 Use of existing IS-95 A/B and CDMA2000
antennas
5.3.2.9 Double the voice service spectral efficiency
of CDMA2000 1x and meet or exceed the packet information data rates in
Table 1, while providing the same range/coverage as Phase 1 above
5.3.2.10 The system to be configured to provide
real-time and non-real-time services based upon the following Quality
of Service parameters: - Priority - Minimum Acceptable Data Rate - Maximum
Permitted Data Loss Rate (expressed as a percentage of either Packet Loss
or Frame Loss per data message, or as a BER) - Latency or Delay
5.3.3 System-Level Reference: The design of the Phase
1 and Phase 2 standards should enable the following system-level performance
(for mobiles on their home system):
5.3.3.1 Total call set-up time to home country
destinations to be less than two seconds
5.3.3.2 System acquisition, registration, authentication,
and network log-on time to be less than two seconds (for calls placed
within the home system, e.g., international calls may experience greater
set-up)
5.3.3.3 Packet access failures to be less than
0.5% of access attempts
5.3.3.4 Undesired packet session terminations
to be less than 1% of completed terminations
Implementation complexity should be equal to
or less than that of CDMA2000 1x systems. In addition, subscriber terminals
should evolve, at a minimum, at the pace of network equipment to allow
service providers to pre-seed these devices with subscribers. Subscriber
voice terminals should also be available in form-factors similar to
current voice terminals.
5.4 Radio Environment
As a minimum requirement, the coverage range
for 1xEV shall align closely with IS-95 and CDMA2000 1x. The objective
of the coverage requirements is to ensure that operators can use existing
cell/sector configurations without cell splitting. It is the intention
of operators to deploy 1xEV on existing BTS equipment, which can operate
a number of RF carriers, including a mix of IS-95, CDMA2000 1x, and 1xEV.
Extra coverage range should be provided if it does not compromise system
throughput.
The coverage characteristics shall be better than IS-95B
and CDMA2000 1x for all services and service mixes. This means, for example,
that for a data rate three times faster than that offered by CDMA2000
1x, the geographic coverage of 1xEV shall match or surpass the coverage
offered by CDMA2000 1x systems using the same link budge(e.g. same transmit
powers, same antenna configurations etc).
Out of band emissions for 1xEV shall comply with equivalent
requirements for CDMA2000 1x systems.
Both Phase 1 and Phase 2 shall support both mobile and
fixed users.
5.5 Compatibility
The 1xEV standard shall incorporate all aspects of and
be an extension of the existing CDMA2000 1x features, functions, applications,
and services specified in the release A (and future Release B) standards.
More specifically, the Phase 1 1xEV standard shall support all of the
packet data capabilities and none of the real-time voice capabilities
of CDMA2000 1x. The Phase 2 1xEV standard, however, shall maintain all
of the voice and packet data capabilities of CDMA2000 1x and Phase 1
1xEV. Any changes made to CDMA2000 1x system specifications shall be
incorporated into the 1xEV standards.
To ensure compatibility, customer equipment will carry
forward all of the CDMA2000 1x capabilities in addition to 1xEV capabilities
(as appropriate by phases) to enable roaming in CDMA2000 1x systems.
Such multiservice capability should be achieved by utilizing
one multi-mode radio in the subscriber terminal.
As previously mentioned, Phase I should provide a graceful
economical evolution from IS 95 A/B and IS-2000, minimizing impact to
terminals and infrastructure. The same should apply when evolving Phase
I to Phase II. It is imperative that standards for Phase I and Phase
II be developed with this in mind. Carriers want to be able to utilize
existing IS 95 A/B and IS 2000 base stations with minimal costs to upgrade
to Phase 1and Phase 2. As an example, a channel card replacement may
be the most economical means to accomplish this. Likewise from a compatibility
perspective, utilization of existing IS 95 A/B and IS-2000 antennas
is vital.
5.6 Flexibility
1xEV shall provide:
- Packet scheduling and traffic balancing mechanisms
for all frequency channels and underlying technologies (IS-95, CDMA2000)
- Consideration of different busy periods for different
applications on the same air interface
5.7 Interoperability Specification Support
Both Phase 1 and Phase 2 shall support Interoperability
Specification Version 4.1 (voice services excluded for Phase 1).
5.8 Parameter Performance
The 1xEV standard shall be designed to exceed performance
of CDMA2000 1x systems. Specifically, Phase 2 systems shall enable customer
equipment that:
- Reduces terminal power consumption by one-half
- Extends active transmit time by 100%
- Increases standby time by 100%
